what does this quote mean to you ?

Question by Bobbi_boo: what does this quote mean to you ?
Reflection Quote: Alan I. Leshner, Director of the National Institute of Drug Abuse, defines drug addiction as:

“Drug addiction is uncontrollable, compulsive drug seeking and use, even in the face of negative health and social consequences.”

Merriam-Webster defines uncontrollable as being free from control by a superior authority. It also defines a compulsion as an irresistible, persistent impulse or obsession.

What does Alan I. Leshner’s definition of drug addiction mean to you both as a driver responsible for your own actions and as a driver sharing the road with other cars, pedestrians, and cyclists?

Please explain in a full paragraph (five or more sentences).
1.

Best answer:

Answer by James
The quote means that addicts are out of control. They may or may not know that their actions are self-detrimental, but they cannot help themselves.

I won’t do your homework for you. But I will tells you some things anyway – look at the first word: REFLECT. That means that you need to think about the quote, not ask some random stranger on the internet to do your assignment for you. The assignment is to consider what that means to YOU, not what it means to some random stranger on the internet.

I guess from the context that this is from some sort of standardized drivers ed class. In addition, it has even been asked on YA several times, I am linking the most relevant answer below – which should give you plenty of help in getting started.

For context, I am also linking the article from Dr. Leshner which that quote came from so that you can read up the context from which the quote is taken.

Good luck, and don’t be afraid to do a little work so that you can actually learn something beyond copying. (When you cheat – you cheat yourself out of an education).

Please give Em (in the first link) a thumbs up for their quality answer to this question 3 years ago)

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Targeted therapies and hormonal therapy?

Question by Rob: Targeted therapies and hormonal therapy?
I hear they are now trying to use targeted therapies and hormonal therapy in medicine and is 10 to 15 out?
How does this work? And they say in the future they are going to use targeted therapies and hormonal therapy in medicine .

Best answer:

Answer by saravanan
Cancer treatment, (i mean chemotherapy here, let alone surgery and radiotherapy) is difficult because you cannot simply TARGET your drug to act only on cancer cells.

cancer cells are not any different from our body cells, they just multiply at abnormal rate, and grow and spread UNCONTROLLED because they LOST certain Molecular BRAKES that normally regulate growth and cell division.

so, our anti cancer drugs (and also radiation) loosely aim at rapidly dividing cells, so they kill cancer cells as well as some normal cells that also divide rapidly like blood forming cells of bone marrow, and cells in our intestines.

Thus if you give chemotherapy at FULL DOSE, we can really CURE cancer, but the patient will die of bone marrow problem and diarrhoea. Hence they are called DOSE-LIMITING TOXICITIES. i.e. conventional chemotherapy is given in maximum tolerable doses, which are unfortunately not curative in all cases.

Thus we searched for properties that are unique for cancer cells, and not present in normal cells.

The breakthrough came in CML, a kind of blood cancer, that contains a unique “Philadelphia chromosome” that normal cells dont have. We produced IMATINIB (Gleevec) that TARGETS a unique protein that comes from this chromosome (and this protein causes this cancer) and BINGO !!!! it revolutionised cancer treatment forever and thus TARGETED THERAPY is born. [Terms like pre-imatinib and post-imatinib ERA can be found in oncology books!!!]

After extensive research into what genetic variations cause different cancers, we found that these variations also produce unique proteins (genes are ultimately translated to proteins that does the job of the gene), and we produced drugs against these proteins. Such drugs are essentially antibodies against the target proteins produced by genetic engineering. They have a common suffix -mab (monoclonal antibody) e.g. Rituximab, Alemtuzumab, etc.

These monoclonal antibodies, are the basis of targeted therapy, are remarkably (not totally) safe in their approach and very effective. Many are under trial some have come out.

Sexual organs like prostate of male, breast uterus of female depend on SEX HORMONES e.g. Testosterone and Progesterone/Estrogen for their growth. So cancers arising out of these organs (even though they lost their molecular brakes) still depend on some extent on the hormones for their growth. So we made drugs to block their hormone RECEPTORS, this only prevents their growth but not cure or even shrink such tumors. So we use this hormonal therapy only as adjunct, e.g. after surgery to prevent the growth of tumor cells that are seeded during surgery, in patients who are far too old to tolerate other potentially curative modalities.

Both these fields are growing at an explosive rate !!! and are finding applications for other diseases also, but the basis is simple

1. Targeted therapy is Antibodies against unique proteins expressed on surface of cancer (or other diseased) cell.

2. Hormonal therapy (as far as cancer is concerned) is Anti-sex-hormone !!!

Some geniuses have also attached our usual drugs to such antibodies that would add some killer instinct to the antibody (because, as you might know, antibodies by themselves are not destructive, seek the help of our immune cells to destroy their target) but would prevent collateral damage(of the usual drug) to bone marrow and intestine.

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What causes addiction?

Question by &&&&: What causes addiction?
I’m not talking about addiction to drugs or alcohol, things your body becomes dependent on. But thinks like pornography, food, or shopping. Things that people claim to be addicted to.

Best answer:

Answer by a person
Those things exhilarates them something to escape from reality
some may watch porn if they’re lonely.
eat food because if they are bored, or eat out of emotions
another addiction is video games

Answer by Dennis Head
There is a section of the brain that controls addiction and a recent study proved that part of the brain was firing up when people were drinking milkshakes. This principle applies to other things like drugs and porn also

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will my boyfriend have to go to rehab?

Question by hey there….: will my boyfriend have to go to rehab?
my boyfriend’s mom caught him with a marijuana pipe with some rez in it and called the cops. all they did was give him a fine but she pressed charges against him. he’s on probation for six months and he’s going to court tomorrow and the judge is going to decide if he has to go to rehab or not. would he really have to go just for that? he’s 15 and lives in pennsylvania by the way
i know it’s not a drug -.-
it’s a plant not a drug

Best answer:

Answer by Jimmy Whispers MMXII
HAHAHA. Rehab is for drugs little girl. Weed is not a drug.

They won’t put him in rehab. Chances are they will put him on probation and he may be drug tested at random.

Answer by Horsense
You’ll just have to wait & see . . .
The Judge will decide.

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Prescription Drugs?

Question by flin_toba: Prescription Drugs?
I am wondering if there is anything out there that would help me. I cant sleep at night, I cant wake up in the morning, I dont have any energy throughtout the day, I have so many stresses that i just let eat at me. And I just want something that would help me out with this until I can do it on my own. I dont want something that would make me feel “high” either. I do not take any drugs right now, prescription or recreational. I just am looking for some names so I can research them before i go to the doctors. Thanks.

Best answer:

Answer by Bill R
NewsTarget.com printable article
Originally published April 8 2005
Melatonin works as sleep aid in small doses, study confirms; but commercially available pills have too much of the supplement
by Mike Adams

Many people are skeptical that the dietary supplement melatonin actually helps induce sleep as advertised. But a study at the Massachusetts’s Institute of Technology confirms that the substance can actually be a good sleep aid – when taken in small doses.
About 0.3 milligrams of melatonin will help a person fall asleep, and it also makes it easier to return to sleep after waking up.

But researchers found that, in larger amounts — such as those offered in most commercially available pills — the supplement works for only a few days. After a person’s brain has been exposed to too much melatonin, it quickly becomes immune to the substance’s restful effects, the study says.

Misuse of the hormone had led some to question its efficacy, but the latest work (published in the February issue of Sleep Medicine Reviews) could jump-start interest in the dietary supplement and help more people get a good night’s sleep.
In earlier research, scientists led by Professor Richard Wurtman, principal investigator for the current study, showed that only a small dose of melatonin (about 0.3 milligrams) is necessary for a restful effect.
The researchers also found, however, that commercially available melatonin pills contain 10 times the effective amount.
And at that dose, “after a few days it stops working,” said Wurtman, director of MIT’s Clinical Research Center and the Cecil H. Green Distinguished Professor.
As a result of these inadvertent overdoses, “many people don’t think melatonin works at all,” said Wurtman, who is also affiliated with the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences.
This belief, coupled with potentially serious side effects related to high doses such as hypothermia, has earned the hormone a bad reputation in some quarters–“and something that could be very useful to a lot of people isn’t,” said Wurtman, who said that he and his wife have been taking melatonin every night for about a year now.
To determine conclusively whether melatonin works or not, the scientists in the current study analyzed 17 peer-reviewed scientific papers about the hormone.
“A meta-analysis essentially tells ‘yes’ or ‘no’–that a treatment does or does not have a significant effect,” Wurtman said.
Because the FDA defined the hormone as a dietary supplement, however, manufacturers were free to sell it in much higher dosages, “even though we knew they wouldn’t work,” Wurtman said.
“People who knew that small doses were best often bought the high-dose pills, then divided them with a knife,” Wurtman said.

Answer by angela
try to drink milk before sleeping istead of drinking sleeping tablets bcoz sometimes your body used already to some drugs thats why maybe no effects.make used of some naturals, like fruits, juices, vegetables etc.or eat light food in the evening maybe your metabolism is slow thats why you feel heavy when your wake up in the morning.and have exercise or read some book or watch tv to feel your eyes tired ang go sleep.

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DO you think that WE ARE BEING DRUGGED ON PURPOSE?

Question by jake: DO you think that WE ARE BEING DRUGGED ON PURPOSE?
(Tongue in cheek. I think.)

Officials in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, said testing there discovered 56 pharmaceuticals or byproducts in treated drinking water, including medicines for pain, infection, high cholesterol, asthma, epilepsy, mental illness and heart problems. Sixty-three pharmaceuticals or byproducts were found in the city’s watersheds.

• Anti-epileptic and anti-anxiety medications were detected in a portion of the treated drinking water for 18.5 million people in Southern California.

• Researchers at the U.S. Geological Survey analyzed a Passaic Valley Water Commission drinking water treatment plant, which serves 850,000 people in Northern New Jersey, and found a metabolized angina medicine and the mood-stabilizing carbamazepine in drinking water.

• A sex hormone was detected in the drinking water of San Francisco, California.

• The drinking water for Washington, D.C., and surrounding areas tested positive for six pharmaceuticals.

Best answer:

Answer by imkevlar (boycott ignorance)
No, this is a result of getting water downstream from where other cities dump their treated waste. Wastetreatment doesn’t remove many drugs very well. This is has been known to the scientific community for some time now and is old news.

Answer by Louis S
It wouldn’t be the first time.

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